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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy or proxy server. It is program acting as an intermediary client and server via the internet. Without proxy servers, a user will send a request to resources directly to the server and it would serve the resource directly towards the customer. Although this method is easy to understand and implement, however, adding proxy servers could bring benefits such as increased performance, privacy, security, and a host of other benefits. In addition to providing passing through, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.

In general, the bundled system of server hardware coupled with the software for proxy installation is often called proxy servers. This article will focus on the proxies that are usually considered to be software, as well as in relation to web servers. We will discuss of the two major types of proxies, one being forward proxy and the other being a forward proxy and the reverse. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own purpose and is often confused due to the similar namesake convention.

This article will give you an understanding of what proxies and subtypes are, as well as their value for common setups. After reading the article carefully, you'll be able to recognize situations where using proxies can be advantageous and choose the best choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy based on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also referred to as open proxy. An open proxy is the agent of a client who wishes to forward a request via the internet to the server that originated it. In this case every attempt to send requests from the client's side will be directed directly to the forward proxy. Forward proxy in lieu of the client, will review the request. It will first verify if the client is allowed to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request, or send it to the server that originated it. The client doesn't have a direct connection to the internet; it can only reach what the forward proxy allows it to access.

The most common reason for using forward proxy servers is the increased privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy accesses the internet through clients and as such it may utilize an IP address that is different from the IP address of the client.

Depending on how it's been configured, forward proxy will give you a range of options as well as the ability to:

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  Beware of Ad-trackers.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions that are based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that offer central security and access based on permissions, such as at work. If all internet traffic passes through a forward proxy, an administrator is in a position to grant only specific clients to access the internet via a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer that can involve many machines with varying settings and environments and users the firewall is put in an forward proxy layer.

It is important to remember that forward proxy settings must be manually set up to permit them to be used for use, while reverse proxy settings are not able to be detected by the user. Based on the IP address of a user is transmitted to the server from which it originated through the forward proxy privacy and security settings, it can be granted or not.

There are many options to think about when it comes to forward proxy options:

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  Apache An open source well-known web server that has forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another renowned open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that runs on it's HTTP protocol. It's not the full web server system. You can refer to our guide on the best way to configure Squid proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it better suited to scenarios like peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to configure Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy serves as an intermediary between a web server, and takes care of requests from clients for the web server. Web servers can function as a one server or as a series of servers. In addition, it could function as an app server, such as Gunicorn. In any case an application request is made by a user on the internet in general. Most of the time, the request will go directly to the web server that hosts the information that the user is searching for. The reverse proxy serves as an intermediary to isolate your web server from contact with the internet's open.

From the perspective of a user's perspective, using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to the web server directly. It's functionally identical, but the user isn't able to tell the difference. The client requests an item and receives it, without any extra configuration required for the end user.

Reverse proxy providers provide features like:

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  The web server is secured centrally.
  
  
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  Directing traffic according to rules you set.
  
  
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  A new feature for caching has been added.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this function only for just the Web server layer but not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on Web server layers that may include multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk protection of the firewall is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the responsibility of connecting to firewalls and interfacing with clients' requests off of web servers enables them to concentrate on serving the resources.

If there are multiple servers that have a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy will be also responsible for controlling which requests are routed to which server. There may be several web servers running from the same host, each offering different types of resources or a combination of both. They could be using the HTTP protocol, which is similar to a traditional web server. They could also incorporate application server protocols like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy settings to redirect the clients towards specific servers based on the service requested or to follow certain rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also take advantage of their placement over web servers by making use of caching. Large static assets can be set up with caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request, with some solutions even allowing you to provide static files directly without connecting directly to the website server. Additionally, reverse proxy can handle compression of these files.

The popular Nginx web server is an extremely popular reverse proxy service. Although the Apache web server comes equipped with reverse proxy option as an additional function that is available for Apache whereas Nginx was initially designed for and is focused on reverse proxy functions.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" along with "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality, and also inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels can be confusing since both types of proxy servers can be used to manage requests and responses. A different method of distinguishing between forward and reverse proxy servers is to analyze the requirements of the application that you're developing.

Reverse proxy is a useful tool to use when creating a solution for serving applications that are on the web. They are your web servers when you interact with the Internet.

Forward proxy is a great tool to have working with clients in front for personal usage or even in a work environment. They are a representation of your traffic when you interact with the internet.

A distinction based on usage cases instead of using the standard names can help in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified what a proxy was and the two kinds of proxy being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use and a discussion of the most beneficial features was used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're looking to learn how to implement proxies we suggest you go through our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server for Apache running an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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