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It's proxy or proxy server. proxy or proxy server, is a server software program that serves as an intermediary between a server and a client via the internet. Without an intermediary, a customer would be able to make a request for every resource straight to the server and the server will serve the requested resource directly to the client. While this process is simple to comprehend and implement with proxies, it can provide advantages such as higher performance as well as privacy, security and many more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between the servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the bundled mix of the server hardware and the software to install proxy servers is often referred by the name proxy servers. In this article, we will concentrate on proxies that are typically thought of as software, and the ones used together with web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two main kinds of proxies: a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique use case, and is often misunderstood due the naming conventions that are similar.




This article will provide you with some understanding about what proxies and subtypes of them are, and what they can do for common setups. Through this article, users will be able to identify the scenarios in which an effective proxy could be useful, and select the right solution between forward and reverse proxy options for each scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Also a forward proxy also known as the open proxy is a representative of the client that is trying to send requests via the internet to an origin server. In this case, the entire attempt to send requests from the client will be made by the forward-proxy. In this scenario this forward-proxy acting the instead of the user will look over the request. It is the first thing to determine what authorization the user has to make requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then reject this request, and then forward it to the server that originally sent it. The client isn't able to establish a direct connection to the internet. It can only reach what the forward proxy gives the client access.




A very popular applications for forward proxy servers is to provide greater privacy or security online. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet in lieu of a client, and in that process it may use a different IP address in place of the original IP address of the client.




Based on the way it was established in the past forward proxy servers are able to provide a variety of functions and let you:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can spot restrictions based upon your geolocation.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralized and have permission-based access for instance, in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer an administrator is able to restrict access to certain people to connect on the internet, which is then filtered by a common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place to protect the client layer which could comprise a range of devices that are different in environments and users, a firewall can be placed in an forward proxy layer.




Take note of the fact that forward proxy servers require manual configuration for use, however reverse proxies will be ignored to the user. Based on whether or not an IP address from a customer is sent to the source server via this forward proxy, security and anonymity may be granted or ignored.




There are several possibilities to look into for forward proxy options:




Apache is a well-known open source web server, which provides forward-looking proxy features.


Nginx: Another popular open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide an entire web server. There is a video tutorial on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is more appropriate for scenarios such as with peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to look at how to set up Dante proxy to connect privately on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is an agent for a web server that handles incoming requests by clients on its behalf. This server can comprise a single server, or multiple servers. It may also act in the role of an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations it is possible to get a request from a user via the internet at large. In the majority of cases it will be routed straight to the web server hosting the services the customer is in need of. Reverse proxy is an intermediary that separates Web server from direct communication with the internet.




From a user's perspective, which is from a user's point of view using reverse proxy isn't that different from connecting to your webserver directly. It's the same thing, however the client can't tell the distinction. The client requests an item, and it is delivered without any additional configuration needed to be performed by the client.




Reverse proxy proxies can provide some features, including:




A centralized layer of security to protect the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules you can set up.


A new feature to cache is now available.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxy providers provide this service to this level of an internet server and not to that layer of the internet server, which is called client. Instead of focusing on maintaining firewalls on the web server layer that may contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be focused on the reverse proxy layer. In addition, the absence of interfacing with a firewall as well as interacting with client requests off of web servers enables them to focus solely on serving the requirements of their clients.




If there are several servers running through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy handles the method of routing requests to which server. Many web servers may be offering the same content but they may offer different kinds of resources, or some combination of both. These servers could use the HTTP protocol just like a standard web server, however, they might also use applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is also possible to set up reverse proxy servers to redirect the clients towards specific servers in accordance with the service requested or to follow specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their positioning in front of web servers, by offering caching functionality. Large static files can be set by using caching rules that prevent the web server from being hit every time a request is made, with certain solutions providing the option of providing static files directly without touching the web server in any way. Additionally the reverse proxy can be able to handle compressing these files.




The popular Nginx webserver is a wildly popular reverse proxy solution. Although the Apache website server also equipped with a reverse proxy feature and is an alternative choice for Apache and is in contrast to Nginx was initially designed for and specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are ascribed to a sense of directionality, and false comparisons between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic These labels are confusing because both types of proxies manage both responses and requests. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy services is to consider the requirements of the application you're developing.




A reverse proxy can be helpful in the design of solutions that serve web-based applications via the internet. They act as your servers in all interactions on the internet.




A forward proxy is helpful when it is placed before traffic from clients for your personal use or for work. They represent your client traffic when you use the internet.




Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on the similar naming conventions can help you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article will explain the definition of a proxy, with the two main types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of practical applications and a review of important characteristics were used to define forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxies you can check out our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy using Apache running on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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