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proxy, also known as proxy, also known as proxy or proxy server is a server software that acts acting as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without an intermediary, users would send a request for something directly to a server, and servers would deliver the requested resource directly back to the user. While this is a simple method to comprehend and use, adding proxies offers advantages such as increased performance, privacy, security and many more. A pass-through layer proxy serves as a security barrier on the internet between servers and users.




Generally speaking generally speaking, the bundle of server hardware and proxy software is often referred too as proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxy servers that are generally referred to as software, as well as those that are used together with web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two main types that are available, which is a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each comes with its own specific use case, and is often misunderstood because of the identical terms.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are as well being able to explain how they can be useful in common configurations. In this article, you can identify the situations where you can benefit from a proxy, and determine the most appropriate option in between forward and reverse proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy sometimes known as the open proxy is an agent for the user who wants to send a request through the internet to an the server that made the request. In this scenario it is the scenario that all requests sent by the client would rather be sent directly towards the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in instead of the user, will look over the request. It will determine if the client can accept requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then decide whether to reject requests or redirect them to the server that originated it. The client does not have an internet connection directly but it is able to access what the forward proxy gives the client access.




The most popular reason for using forward proxy services is to improve privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet in place of clients. In the process, it will use a different IP address than the original IP address utilized by the client.




Based on the way it has been configured in accordance with the way it was set up, a forward proxy could grant you various features in addition to the capability to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your geographical location.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that provide central security, as well as access based on permissions, such as at a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic is routed via an open forward proxy, an administrator can restrict access to certain individuals to access the web. The web is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer, which can comprise a range of computers that have different users and environments, a firewall could be installed in the forward proxy layer.




Remember that forward proxies have to be manually set up before they are able to be used in order to be used and reverse proxy servers are not able to be seen by users. Depending on whether an IP address for a user is transmitted to the server which originated it through the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many options to take into consideration when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache An open-source, well-known web server that provides forward proxy functionality.


Nginx is another well-known open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not an entire Web server. Read our guide on how you can configure Squid proxy so that it allows private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP to ensure it is more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to -peer traffic. You might also want to know how to configure Dante proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as a representative of the web server which takes care of any requests that come in from clients on behalf. The web server can be one server or several servers. In addition, it could serve as an application server, like Gunicorn. In all these instances, an application request is made by a user of the internet in general. Most of the time, the request will go directly to the server hosting the information the client is seeking. However, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that helps to protect Web servers from direct interactions with the internet's open.




From the perspective of a user's view, working with reverse proxy is not any different from working with Web server in direct contact. It is functionally identical to the web server and the client cannot discern the distinction. Clients can request the resource, and receive the resource without any additional configuration required on the part of the user.




Reverse proxy proxies provide the following features:




Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic that is incoming based on rules you set.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this feature to their web server layer not to the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls in the web server layer, which can contain several servers that have different configurations The majority of the firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the detachment of the obligation to interface with a firewall and connecting with requests from customers via web servers allows them to focus solely on delivering the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy can also be accountable for the direction in the requests that are directed to which server. There could be multiple web servers serving identical resources, however each one offering a different type of resources or a combination of the two. These servers can be using their own HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server, but they also include applications server protocols like FastCGI. There is the possibility to create a reverse proxy to direct visitors to a specific server based on the type of resource they're looking for, or follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also utilize their positioning before web servers, by providing the capability of caching. Large static assets can be able to be configured using rules for caching to avoid hitting web servers on every request. There are solutions that provide the option of providing static files directly without connecting with the server on any manner. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these files.




The renowned Nginx web server is also a very popular reverse proxy option. While Apache has a reverse proxy service it is not the only one. Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy features, it is an additional characteristic that is part of Apache however Nginx was initially designed and primarily focused on the reverse proxy feature.



The distinction in Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, they also create false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, they could be confusing since both kinds of proxies can handle requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between the forward and reverse proxies would be to examine the requirements of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is beneficial when creating a solution to deliver web applications to the internet. They serve as your servers when you are on the internet.




Forward proxy is helpful when put in front of the user for personal use or in a workplace setting. They serve as the proxy for your client every time you connect to the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of instead of focusing on similar names will ensure that you aren't confused.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy along with two types, namely the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of useful features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're looking to learn more about the use of proxies, you should read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet service and reverse proxy in Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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